📝 Assessment report: Word, LaTeX and PDF

📦 Data: FAO Global Capture Production, release 2026.1.0 (published by FAO on 2026-03-30; catches 1950–2024), downloaded from Capture_2026.1.0.zip. Licence CC BY 4.0. fao_data_info() shows the release you use and how to cite it.

fao_report() writes the assessment report of one FAO major fishing area as a Word file (and, if asked, as LaTeX and PDF), in Chinese or English, in one call. It runs the analyses of the package on the area, writes their results into text made from templates, adds the charts and tables with numbered captions, and lists the references it cites.

fao_report(27)                                                  # language of fao_settings()
fao_report("Atlantic, Northeast", lang = "zh", author = "Hongyu Lin")
fao_report(27, lang = "en", font = "Times New Roman", citation = "fao")

The report is a first draft. The parts only the author can write, such as other data sources, the discussion of the conclusions and other references, are marked in grey with “To be completed” (“待补充” in Chinese reports). Check the generated text before you use it.

🚀 A first report

report <- fao_report(27, file = "FAO27_report_en.docx", lang = "en")
report
#> FAO report: /tmp/Rtmpc8yMXJ/faofishingreport_site_1d9f36f413ace/FAO27_report_en.docx
#> Sections: total, species, countries, groups, status, quality, diversity, fleets
#>   $main_species           main species of the last five years (10 rows)
#>   $main_countries         main fishing countries of the last five years (10 rows)
#>   $analyses               results of the analyses: total, species, countries, groups, status, quality, diversity, fleets

The area is given by its code (27) or its English name ("Atlantic, Northeast"). The call takes about half a minute and reports its progress in messages (hidden on this page): each analysis, then the file written. Without file, the report is saved as reports/FAO27_report_en.docx in the working directory; on this page the working directory is a temporary folder.

The analyses run in a temporary folder of their own, with charts at the resolution dpi (300 by default, e.g. dpi = 600 for print) and no PowerPoint files. The charts end up in the Word file only, so the report leaves no chart files in your folder; run the analysis functions themselves to keep them (see 🌊 Fishing area analysis).

fao_report() returns the tables of the report invisibly, so assign the result. The main species of the last five years:

show_table(report$main_species, digits = 1)

species	species_en	scientific_name	mean_catch_t	share_pct	peak_year	pct_of_peak	trend_10_years
Atlantic herring	Atlantic herring	Clupea harengus	1,464,717.6	17.3	1965	33.5	none
Blue whiting(=Poutassou)	Blue whiting(=Poutassou)	Micromesistius poutassou	1,445,802.2	17.1	2004	75.8	none
Atlantic mackerel	Atlantic mackerel	Scomber scombrus	1,022,621.6	12.1	2014	65.4	none
Atlantic cod	Atlantic cod	Gadus morhua	975,521.5	11.5	1969	35.5	none
European sprat	European sprat	Sprattus sprattus	384,876.0	4.5	1975	34.9	down
Saithe(=Pollock)	Saithe(=Pollock)	Pollachius virens	321,305.7	3.8	1974	41.4	none
Capelin	Capelin	Mallotus villosus	311,462.1	3.7	1977	4.5	none
Haddock	Haddock	Melanogrammus aeglefinus	300,767.9	3.6	1969	33.0	none
Sandeels(=Sandlances) nei	Sandeels(=Sandlances) nei	Ammodytes spp.	221,906.9	2.6	1997	7.8	none
North European kelp	North European kelp	Laminaria hyperborea	169,330.1	2.0	2023	92.4	none

📑 What the report contains

In this order:

1. Cover, on its own page without a page number: the project (“Project Report” unless project is given), the title, the report number, the author, the affiliation (only if given) and the date.
2. Title block: “Report 1” (“报告一” in Chinese reports, with Chinese numerals), the title and the author, centred.
3. Abstract: one paragraph with the area, the years and release of the FAO data, the topics and methods of the sections switched on, one sentence of results for the total catch, the main species, the main country, the stock status and CMSY++ (when these sections are on), and a closing recommendation.
4. 1 Data and methods
   • 1.1 Data sources: the FAO Global Capture Production release used, the date FAO published it, the date it was downloaded and the link to the file; the years, and the numbers of countries and species items in the area; the ASFIS list of species, the FAO yearbook of statistics, and how coastal countries are defined. A grey note asks for other data sources (regional fisheries management organisations, national agencies, Sea Around Us, …).
   • 1.2 Methods: one paragraph for each method used by the sections switched on (breakpoints, Mann-Kendall trend tests, stock status plots, diversity indices, …), with its references, and a last paragraph on the software (R and faofishingreport).
5. 2 Results and conclusions: one numbered subsection (2.1, 2.2, …) for each section switched on, with its text, figures and tables. The last subsection, Conclusions, has one numbered conclusion per section, (1), (2), …, and a grey note asking to complete them with stock assessments, the literature and management measures.
6. 3 Stock assessment of the main species (CMSY++), with cmsy = TRUE only: an overview, one subsection per species and a summary (see 📉 CMSY++ assessment).
7. References: the references cited in the text, then a grey note on how to add others.
8. Appendix: mean yearly catch by decade of the main species (Table A1) and of the main countries (Table A2), and with CMSY++ the reference points, the priors and their sources (Tables A3 to A5).

The grey notes are the paragraphs the author has to write or check: other data sources, the conclusions, other references, the comparison of each CMSY++ assessment with other assessments, and the preferred temperatures of the species of the mean temperature of the catch. If a chart could not be drawn, the report has “[Figure not available]” in its place.

🔎 Inside the Word file

Every paragraph of the report has a named Word style (“FAO Body”, “FAO Heading 1”, …). The format of the whole report can be changed in Word by modifying a style, and the file can be read back in R with the officer package:

word <- officer::docx_summary(officer::read_docx(report$file))
word <- word[word$content_type == "paragraph", ]
table(word$style_name)
#> 
#> FAO Abstract Heading           FAO Author             FAO Body 
#>                    1                    3                   30 
#>          FAO Caption    FAO Cover Project       FAO Cover Text 
#>                   14                    1                   13 
#>      FAO Cover Title           FAO Figure        FAO Heading 1 
#>                    1                   14                    4 
#>        FAO Heading 2             FAO Note        FAO Reference 
#>                   11                    3                   14 
#>    FAO Table Caption       FAO Table Text            FAO Title 
#>                    4                    4                    2

The headings, styles “FAO Heading 1” and “FAO Heading 2”:

outline <- function(word) {
  headings <- word[word$style_name %in% c("FAO Heading 1", "FAO Heading 2"), ]
  cat(paste0(ifelse(headings$style_name == "FAO Heading 2", "    ", ""), headings$text), sep = "\n")
}
outline(word)
#> 1 Data and methods
#>     1.1 Data sources
#>     1.2 Methods
#> 2 Results and conclusions
#>     2.1 Catch trends and stages
#>     2.2 Main species
#>     2.3 Main fishing countries
#>     2.4 Composition by species group
#>     2.5 Stock status
#>     2.6 Data quality
#>     2.7 Diversity and concentration of the catch
#>     2.8 Coastal and distant-water fleets
#>     2.9 Conclusions
#> References
#> Appendix

The abstract, the first “FAO Body” paragraph after the heading “Abstract”:

after_heading <- seq_len(nrow(word)) > which(word$style_name == "FAO Abstract Heading")
abstract <- word$text[after_heading & word$style_name == "FAO Body"][1]
show_table(data.frame(abstract))

abstract

Using the FAO Global Capture Production statistics for 1950–2024 (release 2026.1.0), this report analyses, for FAO Major Fishing Area 27 (Atlantic, Northeast), the catch trends, the main species, the main fishing countries, the composition of the catch, the status of the stocks, the quality of the data, the diversity of the catch and the catch of coastal and distant-water fleets, with breakpoint analysis, Mann-Kendall trend tests, stock status plots and diversity and concentration indices. In 2024, the catch in the area was 7.84 million t, 9.7% of the world’s marine capture production. The catch peaked in 1976 at 13.17 million t, and the catch of 2024 was 59.5% of the peak. Breakpoints divide the catch series into 3 stages (1950–1964, 1965–2005 and 2006–2024). In the last five years, Atlantic herring was the main species item, with 17.3% of the catch. Norway was the main fishing country, with 26.8% of the catch of the last five years. In 2024, 61.6% of the stocks were over-exploited or collapsed.

The captions of the figures and tables, numbered by report:

captions <- word[word$style_name %in% c("FAO Caption", "FAO Table Caption"), ]
show_table(data.frame(style = captions$style_name, caption = captions$text), n = 20)

style	caption
FAO Caption	Figure 1-1. Catch in FAO Major Fishing Area 27 (Atlantic, Northeast) and its breakpoints, 1950–2024
FAO Caption	Figure 1-2. Share of FAO Major Fishing Area 27 (Atlantic, Northeast) in the world’s marine capture production
FAO Table Caption	Table 1-1. Main species items in FAO Major Fishing Area 27 (Atlantic, Northeast), 2020–2024
FAO Caption	Figure 1-3. Catch of the main species items of the last five years in FAO Major Fishing Area 27 (Atlantic, Northeast)
FAO Caption	Figure 1-4. Catch of the main species items of the last five years in FAO Major Fishing Area 27 (Atlantic, Northeast) and their breakpoints
FAO Table Caption	Table 1-2. Main fishing countries in FAO Major Fishing Area 27 (Atlantic, Northeast), 2020–2024
FAO Caption	Figure 1-5. Catch of the main fishing countries of the last five years in FAO Major Fishing Area 27 (Atlantic, Northeast)
FAO Caption	Figure 1-6. Total catch of each country in FAO Major Fishing Area 27 (Atlantic, Northeast)
FAO Caption	Figure 1-7. Catch of the main fishing countries of the last five years in FAO Major Fishing Area 27 (Atlantic, Northeast) and their breakpoints
FAO Caption	Figure 1-8. Catch in FAO Major Fishing Area 27 (Atlantic, Northeast) by ISSCAAP species group
FAO Caption	Figure 1-9. Stock status plot of FAO Major Fishing Area 27 (Atlantic, Northeast) (share of stocks)
FAO Caption	Figure 1-10. Stock status plot of FAO Major Fishing Area 27 (Atlantic, Northeast) (share of catch)
FAO Caption	Figure 1-11. Officially reported and estimated catch in FAO Major Fishing Area 27 (Atlantic, Northeast)
FAO Caption	Figure 1-12. Catch in FAO Major Fishing Area 27 (Atlantic, Northeast) by taxonomic level of identification
FAO Caption	Figure 1-13. Diversity and concentration of the catch in FAO Major Fishing Area 27 (Atlantic, Northeast)
FAO Caption	Figure 1-14. Catch of coastal countries and distant-water fleets in FAO Major Fishing Area 27 (Atlantic, Northeast)
FAO Table Caption	Table A1. Mean yearly catch (thousand t) of the main species items in FAO Major Fishing Area 27 (Atlantic, Northeast), by decade
FAO Table Caption	Table A2. Mean yearly catch (thousand t) of the main fishing countries in FAO Major Fishing Area 27 (Atlantic, Northeast), by decade

The grey notes:

show_table(data.frame(note = word$text[word$style_name == "FAO Note"]))

note
[To be completed: describe any other data used, e.g. from regional fisheries management organisations (ICCAT, CECAF, WCPFC, …), national agencies (e.g. NOAA), Sea Around Us, FishBase, Global Fishing Watch, distant-water fleet or commercial data, or the literature, with their period and processing.]
[To be completed: these conclusions were generated automatically from the FAO statistics; complete them with the stock assessments of regional fisheries management organisations, the literature and management measures.]
[To be completed: add the other references in alphabetical order of the first author, in APA style, e.g.: Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of the article. Journal Name, Volume(Issue), Pages. https://doi.org/xx.xxx]

And the list of references, style “FAO Reference”:

show_table(data.frame(reference = word$text[word$style_name == "FAO Reference"]), n = 30)

reference
Bai, J., & Perron, P. (2003). Computation and analysis of multiple structural change models. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 18(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.659
Benjamini, Y., & Hochberg, Y. (1995). Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological), 57(1), 289–300. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x
FAO. (2026a). Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics – Yearbook 2024. https://doi.org/10.4060/ce1217en
FAO. (2026b). FishStat: Global capture production 1950–2024 (Release 2026.1.0) [Data set]. https://www.fao.org/fishery/static/Data/Capture_2026.1.0.zip
Garibaldi, L. (2012). The FAO global capture production database: a six-decade effort to catch the trend. Marine Policy, 36(3), 760–768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2011.10.024
Kendall, M. G. (1975). Rank correlation methods (4th ed.). Charles Griffin.
Kleisner, K., Zeller, D., Froese, R., & Pauly, D. (2013). Using global catch data for inferences on the world’s marine fisheries. Fish and Fisheries, 14(3), 293–311. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2012.00469.x
Lin, H. (2026). faofishingreport: Analyse and report FAO Global Capture Production statistics. R package version 1.0.0 [Computer software]. https://linbojun99.github.io/faofishingreport/
Mann, H. B. (1945). Nonparametric tests against trend. Econometrica, 13(3), 245–259. https://doi.org/10.2307/1907187
R Core Team. (2026). R: A language and environment for statistical computing [Computer software]. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/
Rhoades, S. A. (1993). The Herfindahl-Hirschman index. Federal Reserve Bulletin, 79(3), 188–189.
Shannon, C. E. (1948). A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Technical Journal, 27(3), 379–423. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x
Yue, S., & Wang, C. Y. (2004). The Mann-Kendall test modified by effective sample size to detect trend in serially correlated hydrological series. Water Resources Management, 18(3), 201–218. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:WARM.0000043140.61082.60
Zeileis, A., Kleiber, C., Krämer, W., & Hornik, K. (2003). Testing and dating of structural changes in practice. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 44(1-2), 109–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-9473(03)00030-6

🧾 Arguments

Argument	Default	Meaning
area	(required)	The FAO major fishing area: its code, e.g. 27, or its English name, e.g. "Atlantic, Northeast". An unknown area gives an error that lists the marine areas.
...		Settings of the analyses, named with the section as prefix, e.g. species_h_value = 0.2 (see ⚙️ Settings of the analyses)
file	reports/FAO<code>_report_<lang>.docx	The file to write; its folder is created if needed. The other formats get the same name with .tex and .pdf.
format	"docx"	One or more of "docx", "latex" and "pdf" (see 🖨️ Word, LaTeX and PDF)
lang	NULL: the language of fao_settings()	"zh" (Chinese) or "en" (English); "both" gives a Chinese report
title	made from the area	e.g. “Assessment of Marine Capture Production in FAO Major Fishing Area 27 (Atlantic, Northeast)”
report_no	1	Number of the report: “Report 1” (“报告一” in Chinese reports, with Chinese numerals up to 99), and the first number of the figures and tables (Figure 1-1, Table 1-1)
author	NULL: “Author”	The author on the cover, under the title and in the properties of the file
affiliation	NULL: no line	The affiliation on the cover
project	NULL: “Project Report”	The text at the top of the cover (“课题报告” in Chinese reports)
date	Sys.Date()	The date on the cover, written as YYYY-MM-DD; also the access date in the references to R and faofishingreport
font	NULL: “Times New Roman” in Chinese reports, “Arial” in English reports	The font of Latin script and numbers; in English reports, of all text
font_zh	"FangSong"	The Chinese font of the body text, title, tables and references; headings and captions stay in SimHei and KaiTi
citation	"apa"	Citation style of English reports: "apa" or "fao". Chinese reports always use numbered citations (GB/T 7714).
dpi	300	Resolution of the charts of the report (e.g. 600 for print); fao_settings(dpi = ) sets that of the other functions
top_n	10	Number of main species and countries in the tables and charts, and of species assessed with CMSY++ (unless cmsy_top is given)
data_version	"latest"	The FAO release to use, as in load_fao_data()
total, species, countries, groups, status, quality, diversity, fleets	TRUE	Sections switched on by default (see 🧩 Sections)
shocks, collapse, synchrony, pelagic, mtc, distant	FALSE	Sections switched off by default
cmsy	FALSE	TRUE adds a CMSY++ assessment of the main species; the result of an earlier run can also be given (see 📉 CMSY++ assessment)

🧩 Sections

Each analysis is a section of the report, switched on or off with the argument of the same name. The settings of its function are given with the prefix in the last but one column, and the last column lists the references its text cites (full references at the end of this page).

Switch	Default	Section of the report	Function	Prefix	References cited
total	TRUE	Catch trends and stages: total catch with its breakpoints, 10-year trend, share of the world’s marine catch	fishing_area_data()	total_	Bai and Perron (2003), Zeileis et al. (2003), Mann (1945), Kendall (1975)
species	TRUE	Main species of the last five years: table, charts, breakpoints and 10-year trends	fishing_area_species()	species_	as total
countries	TRUE	Main fishing countries of the last five years: table, charts, map, breakpoints and trends	fishing_area_country()	countries_	as total
groups	TRUE	Composition by ISSCAAP species group in the last year	species_group_composition()	groups_	none
status	TRUE	Stock status plots	stock_status()	status_	Kleisner et al. (2013)
quality	TRUE	Data quality: reported and estimated catch, taxonomic level	data_quality()	quality_	none
diversity	TRUE	Diversity and concentration of the catch (Shannon index, HHI)	diversity_concentration()	diversity_	Shannon (1948), Rhoades (1993)
fleets	TRUE	Catch of coastal countries and distant-water fleets	coastal_distant()	fleets_	none
shocks	FALSE	Catch shocks	catch_shocks()	shocks_	Cottrell et al. (2019), or Gephart et al. (2017) with shocks_method = "gephart2017"
collapse	FALSE	Fishery collapses, compared with random series	collapse_analysis()	collapse_, and collapse_seed	Mullon et al. (2005), or Worm et al. (2006) with collapse_method = "worm2006"; Wilberg and Miller (2007)
synchrony	FALSE	Synchrony of the catch and portfolio effect	catch_synchrony()	synchrony_	Loreau and de Mazancourt (2008), Thibaut and Connolly (2013), Carlson and Satterthwaite (2011), Ong et al. (2021), Lepš et al. (2019)
pelagic	FALSE	Pelagic to demersal ratio (P/D)	pelagic_demersal()	pelagic_	Caddy (1993) and de Leiva Moreno et al. (2000), or Grainger and Garcia (1996) with pelagic_definition = "grainger_garcia"; Hondorp et al. (2010)
mtc	FALSE	Mean temperature of the catch	mean_temperature_catch()	mtc_	Cheung et al. (2013), FishBase (Froese and Pauly), Huang et al. (2017) with the ERSST v5 data, Pyper and Peterman (1998), Alajmi et al. (2024)
distant	FALSE	Profiles of the main distant-water countries in the area	distant_water_profile()	distant_, and distant_countries	Swartz et al. (2010), Garibaldi and Limongelli (2003)
cmsy	FALSE	Stock assessment of the main species, a part of its own	cmsy_area() (and cmsy_input())	cmsy_	Froese et al. (2023), Froese et al. (2017), FishBase (Froese and Pauly), Plummer (2003), FAO (2026b)

Every report also cites the FAO release used, the FAO yearbook of statistics (FAO 2026a), R and faofishingreport. The analyses themselves are described on the other pages of this site: 🌊 Fishing area analysis, 📈 Composition, stock status and trends, 🔍 Data quality, diversity and fleets, 🌡️ Sea temperature and catch temperature and 📉 CMSY++ stock assessment.

The rest of the report follows the sections switched on:

• the abstract lists their topics and methods, and has a sentence of results for total, species, countries, status and cmsy;
• 1.2 Methods has the paragraphs of their methods only (groups, quality and fleets need none);
• the subsections of 2 Results and conclusions and the figures and tables are numbered in the order of the sections, and the conclusions have one item per section;
• the references list only what the text cites, e.g. Shannon (1948) only with diversity;
• the appendix has Tables A1 and A2 only with species and countries, and the CMSY++ tables only with cmsy.

The total catch is always analysed, as it gives the data of the area, but its section is written only with total = TRUE.

🎛️ Fewer or more sections

Three sections switched off, the pelagic to demersal ratio switched on, and stock status plots with smoothed catches:

short <- fao_report(27, file = "FAO27_short.docx", lang = "en", quality = FALSE, diversity = FALSE,
                    fleets = FALSE, pelagic = TRUE, status_smooth = TRUE)
short
#> FAO report: /tmp/Rtmpc8yMXJ/faofishingreport_site_1d9f36f413ace/FAO27_short.docx
#> Sections: total, species, countries, groups, status, pelagic
#>   $main_species           main species of the last five years (10 rows)
#>   $main_countries         main fishing countries of the last five years (10 rows)
#>   $analyses               results of the analyses: total, species, countries, groups, status, pelagic
short_word <- officer::docx_summary(officer::read_docx(short$file))
outline(short_word)
#> 1 Data and methods
#>     1.1 Data sources
#>     1.2 Methods
#> 2 Results and conclusions
#>     2.1 Catch trends and stages
#>     2.2 Main species
#>     2.3 Main fishing countries
#>     2.4 Composition by species group
#>     2.5 Stock status
#>     2.6 Pelagic to demersal ratio
#>     2.7 Conclusions
#> References
#> Appendix

The results now have six subsections and the conclusions six items. The abstract and the methods name the P/D ratio, and the references have Caddy (1993), de Leiva Moreno et al. (2000) and Hondorp et al. (2010) instead of Shannon (1948) and Rhoades (1993):

show_table(data.frame(reference = short_word$text[short_word$style_name == "FAO Reference"]), n = 30)

reference
Bai, J., & Perron, P. (2003). Computation and analysis of multiple structural change models. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 18(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.659
Benjamini, Y., & Hochberg, Y. (1995). Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological), 57(1), 289–300. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x
Caddy, J. F. (1993). Toward a comparative evaluation of human impacts on fishery ecosystems of enclosed and semi‐enclosed seas. Reviews in Fisheries Science, 1(1), 57–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641269309388535
de Leiva Moreno, J. I., Agostini, V. N., Caddy, J. F., & Carocci, F. (2000). Is the pelagic-demersal ratio from fishery landings a useful proxy for nutrient availability? A preliminary data exploration for the semi-enclosed seas around Europe. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 57(4), 1091–1102. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.2000.0705
FAO. (2026a). Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics – Yearbook 2024. https://doi.org/10.4060/ce1217en
FAO. (2026b). FishStat: Global capture production 1950–2024 (Release 2026.1.0) [Data set]. https://www.fao.org/fishery/static/Data/Capture_2026.1.0.zip
Hondorp, D. W., Breitburg, D. L., & Davias, L. A. (2010). Eutrophication and Fisheries: Separating the Effects of Nitrogen Loads and Hypoxia on the Pelagic-to-Demersal Ratio and other Measures of Landings Composition. Marine and Coastal Fisheries, 2(1), 339–361. https://doi.org/10.1577/C09-020.1
Kendall, M. G. (1975). Rank correlation methods (4th ed.). Charles Griffin.
Kleisner, K., Zeller, D., Froese, R., & Pauly, D. (2013). Using global catch data for inferences on the world’s marine fisheries. Fish and Fisheries, 14(3), 293–311. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2012.00469.x
Lin, H. (2026). faofishingreport: Analyse and report FAO Global Capture Production statistics. R package version 1.0.0 [Computer software]. https://linbojun99.github.io/faofishingreport/
Mann, H. B. (1945). Nonparametric tests against trend. Econometrica, 13(3), 245–259. https://doi.org/10.2307/1907187
R Core Team. (2026). R: A language and environment for statistical computing [Computer software]. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/
Yue, S., & Wang, C. Y. (2004). The Mann-Kendall test modified by effective sample size to detect trend in serially correlated hydrological series. Water Resources Management, 18(3), 201–218. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:WARM.0000043140.61082.60
Zeileis, A., Kleiber, C., Krämer, W., & Hornik, K. (2003). Testing and dating of structural changes in practice. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 44(1-2), 109–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-9473(03)00030-6

The methods paragraphs describe the default settings of each analysis, e.g. the inclusion criteria of the stock status plots and a minimum segment of 15% for the breakpoints. When you change such settings (status_smooth = TRUE, status_min_catch = 10000, species_h_value = 0.2, …), the results follow them; describe the change in 1.2 Methods yourself.

⚙️ Settings of the analyses

The function of each section has its own arguments. Give them to fao_report() with the name of the section and “_” in front: species_h_value = 0.2 is h_value = 0.2 of fishing_area_species(). Your settings win over the values the report sets.

In fao_report()	Goes to	Effect
species_h_value = 0.2	fishing_area_species(h_value = 0.2)	Breakpoints of the main species with a minimum segment of 20% of the series
countries_line_linewidth = 1	fishing_area_country(line_linewidth = 1)	Thinner lines in the charts of the countries
status_smooth = TRUE	stock_status(smooth = TRUE)	3-year running mean of the catch before the stocks are classified
status_min_catch = 10000	stock_status(min_catch = 10000)	Only stocks with a total catch of at least 10 000 t
shocks_method = "gephart2017"	catch_shocks(method = "gephart2017")	Shocks as defined by Gephart et al. (2017), with its methods text and reference
collapse_method = "worm2006"	collapse_analysis(method = "worm2006")	Collapses as defined by Worm et al. (2006): methods, results, chart and conclusion change
collapse_seed = 2	the random number generator, before collapse_analysis()	Other random series for the null model (default 1, so the report gives the same numbers every time); the random state of the session is restored afterwards
synchrony_by = "country"	catch_synchrony(by = "country")	Synchrony of the countries instead of the species
pelagic_definition = "grainger_garcia"	pelagic_demersal(definition = "grainger_garcia")	Groups of Grainger and Garcia (1996)
mtc_version = "builtin"	mean_temperature_catch(version = "builtin")	The report default: FishBase data bundled with the package, nothing downloaded
mtc_version = "latest"	mean_temperature_catch(version = "latest")	The latest FishBase release, downloaded if needed
distant_countries = 5	distant_water_profile(), once per country	Profiles of the five countries with the largest distant-water catch in the area over the last five years (default 3), or of the countries named, e.g. distant_countries = c("Russian Federation", "Belize")
cmsy_top = 5	cmsy_area(top = 5)	Five species assessed with CMSY++ (default top_n)
cmsy_settings = list(n.iter = 100000)	cmsy_area(settings = ...)	CMSY++ settings, see cmsy_defaults()

collapse_seed and distant_countries are settings of the report itself. The cmsy_ prefix also takes the arguments of cmsy_input(), such as cmsy_min_years. The arguments that the report sets itself (area, area_data, area_name, lang, pptx and table) cannot be given. Settings of a section that is switched off have no effect.

A setting must be named, start with the name of a section, and be an argument of the section’s function. Otherwise fao_report() stops before any analysis is run, and the error lists what is allowed:

fao_report(27, species_h = 0.2)
#> Error:
#> ! fao_report(): species_h would set h, which is not an argument of fishing_area_species(). Its arguments: rank_range, plot, timeseries_analysis, line_width, point_size, point_alpha, point_shape, line_alpha, axis_text_size, axis_title_size, strip_text_size, axis_text_face, axis_title_face, strip_text_face, smooth_method, smooth_linetype, line_linewidth, text_hjust, text_vjust, text_size, text_color, facet_ncol, h_value, ZH, plot_show
fao_report(27, speceis_h_value = 0.2)
#> Error:
#> ! Unknown argument of fao_report(): speceis_h_value. Settings of an analysis start with its section: total_, species_, countries_, groups_, status_, quality_, diversity_, fleets_, shocks_, collapse_, synchrony_, pelagic_, mtc_, distant_, cmsy_

📐 Format

Chinese reports follow the usual format of Chinese project reports:

Element	Format
Page	A4, portrait; margins 2.54 cm at top and bottom, 3.17 cm left and right
Body text	FangSong for Chinese and Times New Roman for Latin script and numbers, size 12 (小四), line spacing 1.5, first-line indent of two characters, justified
Title block	“报告一” and the title in FangSong, size 18 (小二), bold, centred; the author below in size 12
“摘　要”	SimHei, size 15 (小三), centred
Section headings (1, 2, …)	SimHei, size 14 (四号)
Subsection headings (1.1, 2.1, …)	KaiTi, size 14 (四号)
Captions	SimHei, size 12 (小四), centred, numbered by report: 图1-1 below the figure, 表1-1 above the table; 附表1 in the appendix
Tables	Three-line tables (top and bottom rules of 1.5 pt, a rule of 0.75 pt below the header), FangSong and Times New Roman size 10.5 (五号), single line spacing
Citations	Superscript numbers in square brackets, in the order of first citation: [1], [3,4], [5-7] (GB/T 7714)
References	Numbered [1], [2], … in the order of citation, GB/T 7714 format, with a hanging indent
Spaces	No spaces between Chinese characters and Latin letters or numbers, except after the number of a heading or caption (“2.1 渔获量变化与阶段划分”, “图1-1 …”)
Page numbers	Centred in the footer, size 10.5 (五号); none on the cover, 1 on the title page
Cover	Project in SimHei size 26 (一号) bold, title size 22 (二号) bold, other lines size 16 (三号)

English reports have the same page, structure, numbering and tables, in one font for all text, Arial unless font is given (e.g. font = "Times New Roman"). Headings are bold, size 14 for sections and 12 for subsections. Captions start with a bold label: “Figure 1-1. Catch in …”, “Table 1-1. Main species items …”. Citations are author-date, in APA style (default) or in the style of FAO publications (citation = "fao").

In both languages, scientific names of species and genera are in italics, in the text and in the tables: Sardina pilchardus, Trachurus spp. (with “spp.” upright). Names of families and higher groups stay upright, e.g. Actinopterygii. Symbols are in italics as well (P < 0.05, H). The grey notes and the references are written as they are, without the Chinese spacing rule.

The headings have outline levels 1 and 2, so they show in the navigation pane of Word and in a table of contents inserted in Word. The title and author are also stored in the properties of the file.

🖨️ Word, LaTeX and PDF

format chooses the files to write: "docx" (default), "latex" and "pdf", one or more. The analyses run once, and all formats have the same text, figures, tables, captions and references.

fao_report(27, lang = "zh", format = c("docx", "pdf"))      # Word and PDF
fao_report(27, lang = "en", format = "latex")                # the LaTeX source only
report <- fao_report(27, format = c("docx", "latex", "pdf"))
report$file                                                  # named docx, latex and pdf

format	Files written (for fao_report(27, lang = "zh"))	What it is
"docx"	reports/FAO27_report_zh.docx	The Word file described in this article
"latex"	reports/FAO27_report_zh.tex and the folder reports/FAO27_report_zh_figures/	The XeLaTeX source of the same report, with its figures as PNG files. Chinese reports use the ctexart class, English reports the article class.
"pdf"	reports/FAO27_report_zh.pdf (and the .tex)	The LaTeX source compiled with XeLaTeX, with bookmarks for the headings

The LaTeX version follows the format of the Word file (see 📐 Format): A4 pages with the same margins, the same fonts and sizes, line spacing 1.5, three-line tables (booktabs, single line spacing, columns sized to their contents and running over pages), numbered captions, the cover without page number and pages numbered from 1 on the title page. The fonts are those installed on the computer:

	Windows	macOS	Linux
Chinese body text (仿宋)	FangSong	STFangsong	FandolFang (TeX Live)
Chinese headings and captions (黑体)	SimHei	Heiti SC	FandolHei
Chinese subsection headings (楷体)	KaiTi	Kaiti SC	FandolKai
Latin text and numbers	font: Times New Roman in Chinese reports, Arial in English reports (else Liberation Serif or Sans, else Latin Modern)

Chinese fonts have no bold face: as in Word, bold Chinese text (the titles) is made by thickening the strokes.

Install TinyTeX (once)

The PDF is compiled with XeLaTeX. The easiest way to get it is TinyTeX, a small TeX Live distribution installed and kept up to date from R (Xie 2019). Run once:

install.packages("tinytex")
tinytex::install_tinytex()     # downloads TinyTeX (about 100 MB) into your user folder
tinytex::is_tinytex()          # TRUE: R finds it
tinytex::tinytex_root()        # where it is installed

TinyTeX goes into ~/Library/TinyTeX on macOS, %APPDATA%/TinyTeX on Windows and ~/.TinyTeX on Linux, and needs no administrator rights. Restart R after installing it. You do not need to install any LaTeX package by hand: the first PDF report installs the ones it uses (ctex and xeCJK for Chinese, booktabs, longtable, needspace, xurl, …), which takes a few minutes once.

fao_report(27, lang = "zh", format = "pdf")   # the first run also installs the LaTeX packages

Situation	What to do
No LaTeX on the computer	install.packages("tinytex"), then tinytex::install_tinytex()
TinyTeX installed long ago; packages fail to install, or the message “Local TeX Live (2024) is older than remote repository”	tinytex::reinstall_tinytex() reinstalls the newest TinyTeX with the packages you had
Another TeX distribution (MacTeX, TeX Live, MiKTeX)	It is used if xelatex is on the system path; install missing packages with its own manager (e.g. tlmgr install ctex)
You changed the .tex file	Compile it again: tinytex::xelatex("reports/FAO27_report_zh.tex")
Only the LaTeX source is wanted	format = "latex" needs no LaTeX installation

Without tinytex, the package calls xelatex from the system path (twice, for the bookmarks).

🔖 Citations and references

The references are listed only when the text cites them. The FAO release used, R and faofishingreport are made from the data and the R session (release, publication and access dates, versions); FishBase is cited with the version used when the report has CMSY++ or the mean temperature of the catch; all other references come from inst/extdata/report_references.csv.

Style	Citation in the text	List of references
Chinese reports, GB/T 7714	superscript [7]	in the order of citation, numbered
citation = "apa", APA 7th edition	(Kleisner et al., 2013); (Bai & Perron, 2003; Zeileis et al., 2003)	alphabetical; same authors and year as 2026a, 2026b
citation = "fao", FAO publications	(Kleisner et al., 2013); (Bai and Perron, 2003)	alphabetical; same authors and year as 2026a, 2026b

The same two references in each style, as the report writes them (FAO release 2026.1.0, downloaded on 10 October 2026):

Style	Kleisner et al. (2013)	FAO data
GB/T 7714	Kleisner K, Zeller D, Froese R, et al. Using global catch data for inferences on the world’s marine fisheries[J]. Fish and Fisheries, 2013, 14(3): 293-311. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2012.00469.x.	FAO. FishStat: Global capture production 1950–2024 (release 2026.1.0)[DB/OL]. Rome: FAO, 2026[2026-10-10]. https://www.fao.org/fishery/static/Data/Capture_2026.1.0.zip.
APA	Kleisner, K., Zeller, D., Froese, R., & Pauly, D. (2013). Using global catch data for inferences on the world’s marine fisheries. Fish and Fisheries, 14(3), 293–311. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2012.00469.x	FAO. (2026). FishStat: Global capture production 1950–2024 (Release 2026.1.0) [Data set]. https://www.fao.org/fishery/static/Data/Capture_2026.1.0.zip
FAO	Kleisner, K., Zeller, D., Froese, R. & Pauly, D. 2013. Using global catch data for inferences on the world’s marine fisheries. Fish and Fisheries, 14(3): 293–311. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2012.00469.x	FAO. 2026. FishStat: Global capture production 1950–2024 (release 2026.1.0). [Accessed on 10 October 2026]. In: FishStatJ. Available at: https://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/fishstatj/en. Licence: CC-BY-4.0.

In GB/T 7714, the letter in square brackets gives the type of document: [J] journal article, [M] book, [C] proceedings, [R] report, [DB/OL] online database, [CP/OL] online computer program; up to three authors are listed, more as the first three and “et al.”. The FAO style follows the reference lists of FAO publications (e.g. FAO 2024), and cites FishStat data as these publications do, with the access date, FishStatJ and the licence.

📉 CMSY++ assessment

With cmsy = TRUE, the main species are also assessed with CMSY++ (cmsy_area()): the top_n species items identified to species with the largest catch of the last ten years, or cmsy_top of them. CMSY++ needs JAGS, installed once with cmsy_setup(); without it, fao_report() stops with a message. The assessment takes a few minutes.

cmsy_setup()                          # once: JAGS and the R packages of CMSY++
report <- fao_report(27, lang = "en", cmsy = TRUE)
report
#> FAO report: .../reports/FAO27_report_en.docx
#> Sections: total, species, countries, groups, status, quality, diversity, fleets, cmsy
#>   $main_species           main species of the last five years (10 rows)
#>   $main_countries         main fishing countries of the last five years (10 rows)
#>   $cmsy_reference_points  CMSY++ biological reference points with 95% confidence limits (10 rows)
#>   $cmsy_priors            CMSY++ priors, their sources and links (10 rows)
#>   $cmsy                   CMSY++ result (folder .../reports/cmsy/Atlantic__Northeast)
#>   $analyses               results of the analyses: total, species, ..., fleets, cmsy

View(report$cmsy_reference_points)    # r, k, MSY, Fmsy, Bmsy, B/Bmsy and F/Fmsy with 95% limits
View(report$cmsy_priors)              # priors, their sources and links

# 15 main species and countries in the tables, 5 species assessed, longer MCMC chains
fao_report(27, lang = "en", top_n = 15, cmsy = TRUE, cmsy_top = 5,
           cmsy_settings = list(n.iter = 100000))

The report then has an abstract sentence on the stocks, a methods paragraph on CMSY++, and a part of its own after the results:

3 Stock assessment of the main species (CMSY++)
    3.1 Overview
    3.2 Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus)
    3.3 Blue whiting(=Poutassou) (Micromesistius poutassou)
    ...
    3.12 Summary

• Overview: how many species were assessed (and which could not be), how many stocks were maximally sustainably fished (B/Bmsy ≥ 0.8) or overfished (B/Bmsy < 0.8) in their last year, as in FAO (2026b), and how many lay in the green (B/Bmsy ≥ 1 and F/Fmsy ≤ 1) and red (B/Bmsy < 1 and F/Fmsy > 1) quadrants of the Kobe plot; a table of the results (years, r, k, MSY, B/Bmsy, F/Fmsy, status), the Kobe plot and B/Bmsy of all stocks.
• One subsection per species: r, k and MSY with their 95% confidence limits, B/Bmsy and F/Fmsy in the last year, the catch as a percentage of MSY, the status, the probabilities of the four Kobe quadrants, the CMSY++ chart of the species, and a grey note asking to compare the result with other assessments and discuss the priors.
• Summary, and in the appendix: Table A3 biological reference points (r, k, MSY, Fmsy, Bmsy, B/Bmsy, F/Fmsy) with 95% confidence limits, Table A4 the priors (resilience, ranges of r and k, B/k priors of the first, an intermediate and the last year) and Table A5 their sources (source of the r prior, source of the B/k priors, FishBase or SeaLifeBase page of the species), followed by the links to the FishBase data, the CMSY++ code and user guide, and the FAO data.

All CMSY++ results (input files, runs, charts and tables) are kept in the folder cmsy/ next to the report, e.g. reports/cmsy/Atlantic__Northeast/, with cmsy_result.rds. To write the report again, e.g. with other sections or after editing the templates, give that result to cmsy instead of TRUE; CMSY++ does not run again and the cmsy_ settings are not used. The result of cmsy_area() can be given in the same way:

cmsy27 <- readRDS(file.path("reports", "cmsy", "Atlantic__Northeast", "cmsy_result.rds"))
fao_report(27, lang = "en", cmsy = cmsy27, pelagic = TRUE)

area27 <- cmsy_area("Atlantic, Northeast", top = 10)
fao_report(27, lang = "en", cmsy = area27)

The charts of the CMSY++ part come from the run, in the language it was run in. See 📉 CMSY++ stock assessment for the method, its settings and its limits: FAO data have catches only, so the results are indicative.

📦 What fao_report() returns

A list of class fao_report, returned invisibly:

Element	Content
file	Paths of the files written, named docx, latex and pdf
sections	The sections switched on
main_species	Main species of the last five years: name in the report language, English and scientific names, mean yearly catch (t), share of the catch (%), peak year, catch of the last year as % of the peak, 10-year trend (“up”, “down” or “none”)
main_countries	The same for the main fishing countries
mtc_species	With mtc = TRUE: the species of the mean temperature of the catch, their FishBase matches and preferred temperatures
analyses	The result of each analysis, named by section, e.g. analyses$status is the result of stock_status()
cmsy	With CMSY++: the full result of cmsy_area()
cmsy_reference_points	With CMSY++: one row per stock with r, k, MSY, Fmsy, Bmsy, B/Bmsy and F/Fmsy, each with its lower and upper 95% confidence limits (_lcl, _ucl), the last catch, the probabilities of the Kobe quadrants and the status
cmsy_priors	With CMSY++: resilience and its source, prior ranges of r and k, the MSY prior, the B/k priors with their sources, and links to the species page in FishBase or SeaLifeBase, the FishBase data, the CMSY++ user guide and the FAO data

names(report)
#> [1] "file"           "sections"       "main_species"   "main_countries"
#> [5] "analyses"
show_table(report$main_countries, digits = 1)

country	country_en	mean_catch_t	share_pct	peak_year	pct_of_peak	trend_10_years
Norway	Norway	2,265,474.9	26.8	1977	58.1	none
Iceland	Iceland	1,265,855.5	15.0	1997	45.5	none
Russian Federation	Russian Federation	962,240.0	11.4	2002	75.1	none
United Kingdom	United Kingdom	668,016.8	7.9	1973	62.5	none
Faroe Islands	Faroe Islands	650,579.3	7.7	2023	85.4	none
Denmark	Denmark	521,267.6	6.2	1980	23.1	none
France	France	364,925.9	4.3	1973	53.0	none
Netherlands (Kingdom of the)	Netherlands (Kingdom of the)	265,473.4	3.1	1993	59.7	none
Spain	Spain	254,364.9	3.0	1969	36.0	down
Ireland	Ireland	228,514.0	2.7	1995	58.5	none

names(report$analyses)
#> [1] "total"     "species"   "countries" "groups"    "status"    "quality"  
#> [7] "diversity" "fleets"
stocks <- report$analyses$status$stocks
show_table(stocks[, c("species_name", "peak_year", "peak_tonnes", "pct_of_peak", "status_last_year")],
           n = 5, digits = 0)

species_name	peak_year	peak_tonnes	pct_of_peak	status_last_year
Capelin	1977	3,773,808	4	Collapsed
Atlantic herring	1965	3,736,100	33	Over-exploited
Blue whiting(=Poutassou)	2004	2,419,291	76	Exploited
Atlantic cod	1969	2,147,600	36	Over-exploited
Atlantic mackerel	2014	1,382,490	65	Exploited

✏️ Change the wording

All the text of the report comes from inst/extdata/report_text.csv, one row per piece of text with the columns key, en and zh:

texts <- read.csv(system.file("extdata", "report_text.csv", package = "faofishingreport"),
                  fileEncoding = "UTF-8", colClasses = "character")
nrow(texts)
#> [1] 301
show_table(data.frame(texts[texts$key %in% c("h_status", "status_p2", "concl_status"), ], row.names = NULL))

key	en	zh
h_status	Stock status	资源开发状态
status_p2	Stock status plots rely on catch data only: a falling catch may also result from management measures, markets or changes in reporting {cite:kleisner2013}, so the results show the general state of exploitation and do not replace stock assessments.	资源开发状态图仅基于渔获量数据，渔获量的下降也可能源于管理措施、市场需求或统计方式的变化{cite:kleisner2013}，其结果仅反映资源开发的大致状况，不能替代基于资源评估模型的结论。
concl_status	In {last_year}, {oc_pct}% of the stocks were over-exploited or collapsed.	{last_year} 年处于过度开发和崩溃状态的资源占 {oc_pct}%。

• {last_year}, {oc_pct}, … are placeholders, filled in with the results. Keep to the placeholders of the original text: an unknown one stops the report with an error.
• {cite:kleisner2013} cites a reference by its key, {cite:bai2003,zeileis2003} several. It becomes a superscript number in Chinese reports and “(Kleisner et al., 2013)” in English reports.
• *...* is written in italics (*P*, scientific names), ^...^ as superscript and ~...~ as subscript, e.g. HHI = ∑(100*p*~i~)^2^.

The references are in inst/extdata/report_references.csv:

refs <- read.csv(system.file("extdata", "report_references.csv", package = "faofishingreport"),
                 fileEncoding = "UTF-8", colClasses = "character")
show_table(refs[, c("key", "type", "author", "year", "title")], n = 5)

key	type	author	year	title
fao_yearbook	M	FAO	2026	Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics – Yearbook 2024
bai2003	J	Bai, J.; Perron, P.	2003	Computation and analysis of multiple structural change models
zeileis2003	J	Zeileis, A.; Kleiber, C.; Krämer, W.; Hornik, K.	2003	Testing and dating of structural changes in practice
kleisner2013	J	Kleisner, K.; Zeller, D.; Froese, R.; Pauly, D.	2013	Using global catch data for inferences on the world’s marine fisheries
mann1945	J	Mann, H. B.	1945	Nonparametric tests against trend

Column	Content
key	The key used in {cite:key}
type	J journal article, M book, C paper in proceedings, R report in a series (e.g. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper). DB (database) and CP (computer program) are the types of the references the function makes itself: the FAO data, FishBase, R and faofishingreport.
author	Persons as “Family, I. I.” separated by “;”, or an organisation such as FAO
year, title	Year and title
container	Journal or proceedings
volume, issue, pages	Volume, issue and pages, e.g. 293-311
edition	Number of the edition, e.g. 4 for “4th ed.”
series	Series of a report or book, e.g. “FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 359”
place, publisher	Place and publisher
doi, url	DOI without “https://doi.org/”, and web address

To change the wording or add references, edit these files in the package source and reinstall the package (e.g. R CMD INSTALL . in the source folder), then restart R: the files are read once per session.

📖 References

Software for the LaTeX and PDF report

Xie, Y. (2019). TinyTeX: A lightweight, cross-platform, and easy-to-maintain LaTeX distribution based on TeX Live. TUGboat, 40(1), 30–32. https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb40-1/tb124xie-tinytex.pdf; R package tinytex: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=tinytex, https://yihui.org/tinytex/

Standards and citation styles

American Psychological Association (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. 7th edition. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/0000165-000

FAO (2024). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2024 – Blue Transformation in action. Rome: FAO. doi:10.4060/cd0683en (model of the reference lists in the style of FAO publications)

FAO. FishStatJ. Rome: FAO. https://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/fishstatj/en (FAO publications cite FishStat data as “FAO. Year. FishStat: dataset and years. [Accessed on date]. In: FishStatJ. Licence: CC-BY-4.0.”)

FAO. Global Capture Production. In: Fisheries and Aquaculture. Rome: FAO. https://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/capture/en (its “Cite this content as” format is used by fao_data_info()$citation)

General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China and Standardization Administration of China (2015). GB/T 7714—2015 Information and documentation—Rules for bibliographic references and citations to information resources. Beijing: Standards Press of China. Issued 15 May 2015, in force from 1 December 2015.

Data cited by every report

FAO. 2026. Global Capture Production 1950-2024, release 2026.1.0. In: Fisheries and Aquaculture [online]. Rome. [Cited 10 October 2026]. https://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/capture/en. Licence: CC BY 4.0.

FAO (2026a). Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics – Yearbook 2024. FAO Yearbook of Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Rome: FAO. doi:10.4060/ce1217en

Methods and software cited by the default sections

Bai, J. and Perron, P. (2003). Computation and analysis of multiple structural change models. Journal of Applied Econometrics 18(1): 1–22. doi:10.1002/jae.659

Kendall, M.G. (1975). Rank correlation methods. 4th edition. London: Charles Griffin.

Kleisner, K., Zeller, D., Froese, R. and Pauly, D. (2013). Using global catch data for inferences on the world’s marine fisheries. Fish and Fisheries 14(3): 293–311. doi:10.1111/j.1467-2979.2012.00469.x

Lin, H. (2026). faofishingreport: Analyse and report FAO Global Capture Production statistics. R package version 1.0.0. https://linbojun99.github.io/faofishingreport/

Mann, H.B. (1945). Nonparametric tests against trend. Econometrica 13(3): 245–259. doi:10.2307/1907187

R Core Team (2026). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/

Rhoades, S.A. (1993). The Herfindahl-Hirschman index. Federal Reserve Bulletin 79(3): 188–189.

Shannon, C.E. (1948). A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Technical Journal 27(3): 379–423. doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x

Zeileis, A., Kleiber, C., Krämer, W. and Hornik, K. (2003). Testing and dating of structural changes in practice. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 44(1–2): 109–123. doi:10.1016/S0167-9473(03)00030-6

Methods cited by the other sections

Alajmi, A., Ben-Hasan, A., Alrushaid, T., Vahabnezhad, A. and Pauly, D. (2024). Mean temperature of the catch index can be masked by changes in catch composition unrelated to ocean warming. Fisheries Management and Ecology 31(1): e12659. doi:10.1111/fme.12659

Caddy, J.F. (1993). Toward a comparative evaluation of human impacts on fishery ecosystems of enclosed and semi-enclosed seas. Reviews in Fisheries Science 1(1): 57–95. doi:10.1080/10641269309388535

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