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load_fao_employment(): 渔业与水产养殖就业：FAO数据

Source: vignettes/articles/zh/reference/load_fao_employment.Rmd
load_fao_employment.Rmd

英文原页：load_fao_employment()

说明

本函数返回FAO渔业与水产养殖初级部门从业人数统计（“Global employment in the primary sector of fisheries and aquaculture”，FI_Employment），按国家、工作领域、工作时间、性别和年份分列，从1995年起，并附FAO对各国的注释。

English

This function returns the FAO statistics of the number of people employed in the primary sector of fisheries and aquaculture (“Global employment in the primary sector of fisheries and aquaculture”, FI_Employment), by country, work area, working time, sex and year, from 1995, with FAO’s notes on individual countries.

用法 

load_fao_employment(version = "latest", data_dir = fao_data_dir())

参数

version
数据版本，例如”2026.1.0”。默认为”latest”，即最新的版本（联网时为线上最新版本，离线时为本机已保存的最新版本）。
English The release, e.g. “2026.1.0”. Default is “latest”.
data_dir
数据的保存目录。默认为fao_data_dir()。
English The directory where the data is saved. Default is fao_data_dir().

返回值

一个数据框，每个国家、工作领域、工作时间、性别和年份一行：Country..Name.（与load_fao_data()中的一致）、Work.area..Code.（A、C、D、I、M或U，分别为水产养殖、海洋沿海捕捞、海洋深海捕捞、内陆水域捕捞、海洋捕捞未细分和未说明）、Work.area、Working.time、Sex、Year、Number（人数）和Number.Type（“actual”、“estimate”等）。属性country_notes是FAO对各国注释的数据框（country_en、note），属性fao_version和source_url给出所用的版本及其来源网址。

English

A data frame with one row per country, work area, working time, sex and year: Country..Name. (as in load_fao_data()), Work.area..Code. (A, C, D, I, M or U), Work.area, Working.time, Sex, Year, Number (people) and Number.Type (“actual”, “estimate”, …). The attribute country_notes is a data frame of FAO’s notes on individual countries (country_en, note), and fao_version and source_url give the release.

数据说明

FAO通过年度问卷向各国收集这些数据（其中53个国家与OECD联合收集），并估算未报告国家的数字（据FAO 2026.1.0版本的元数据；FAO于2026年首次发布这一数据集）：

  • 223个国家，1995–2024年；2024年共6,540万人（SOFIA 2026给出的是6,530万人）。
  • 工作领域：水产养殖、海洋沿海捕捞、海洋深海捕捞、海洋捕捞未细分（NEI）、内陆水域捕捞，以及”Unspecified”（未说明，2024年占人数的9%）。加工和自给性渔业的数据覆盖面太小，不予发布。
  • 工作时间按渔业统计协调工作组（CWP）的定义划分：全职（至少占工作时间或生计来源的90%）、兼职（30%至90%）、临时（不到30%），或未说明。
  • 数字是人数，不是全时当量：一个临时从业者也算一人。
  • 数据中工作时间未说明的占38%，性别未说明的占41%（FAO元数据）；FAO的插补值约占数据的30%，2024年约占人数的一半。Number.Type为”estimate”的记录，既包括这些插补值，也包括各国自己的估计值。
  • 各国的定义不同，细分程度也可能逐年变化；请阅读各国的注释（属性country_notes，employment_summary()和catch_per_fisher()也会显示）。例如，FAO注明中国把捕捞和养殖的兼职、临时从业者合在一起报告为”Unspecified”，而其”Marine fishing, NEI”在1995–2006年和2014–2020年包含内陆捕捞。
  • FAO在不同版本之间会修订整个序列，因此不应比较不同版本的数据。

电脑联网时，使用最新的版本，第一次使用时下载并转换（文件不到1 MB），保存在data_dir中；离线时，或设置了fao_settings(online = FALSE)时，使用本机已保存的最新版本。

English

FAO collects the data from countries with an annual questionnaire (jointly with the OECD for 53 countries) and estimates the figures of countries that do not report (FAO metadata of release 2026.1.0; FAO first disseminated this dataset in 2026):

  • 223 countries, 1995-2024; 65.4 million people in 2024 (SOFIA 2026 gives 65.3 million).
  • Work areas: aquaculture, marine coastal fishing, marine deep-sea fishing, marine fishing not specified (NEI), inland waters fishing, and “Unspecified” (9 percent of the people in 2024). Processing and subsistence are not published, their coverage being too small.
  • Working time, as defined by the Coordinating Working Party on Fishery Statistics (CWP): full time (at least 90 percent of working time or livelihood), part time (30 to 90 percent), occasional (less than 30 percent), or unspecified.
  • The numbers are people, not full-time equivalents: an occasional worker counts as one.
  • Working time is unspecified for 38 percent and sex for 41 percent of the data (FAO metadata); FAO’s imputations make up about 30 percent of the data and half of the people in 2024. Number.Type “estimate” marks them and the estimates of countries.
  • National definitions differ, and the level of detail can change over the years; read the notes of each country (the attribute country_notes, also shown by employment_summary() and catch_per_fisher()). For example, FAO notes that China reports its part-time and occasional workers of fishing and aquaculture together as “Unspecified”, and that its “Marine fishing, NEI” includes inland fishing for 1995-2006 and 2014-2020.
  • FAO revises the whole series between releases, so releases should not be compared.

When the computer is online, the newest release is used, downloaded and converted the first time (a file under 1 MB) and saved in data_dir; offline, or with fao_settings(online = FALSE), the newest saved release is used.

参考文献

FAO. Global employment in the primary sector of fisheries and aquaculture (FI_Employment), metadata and country notes of the release. https://www.fao.org/fishery/static/Data/

Coordinating Working Party on Fishery Statistics (CWP). Handbook of Fishery Statistics: fishers. https://www.fao.org/cwp-on-fishery-statistics/handbook/capture-fisheries-statistics/fishers/en/

FAO (2026). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2026. Rome: FAO. doi:10.4060/cd8357en

示例 

employment <- load_fao_employment()
subset(employment, Country..Name. == "Norway" & Year == 2024)
notes <- attr(employment, "country_notes")
notes$note[notes$country_en == "China"]