This function lists the ISSCAAP species groups of marine fishes and crustaceans, and how each
is counted by the two definitions of pelagic_demersal(): "pelagic", "demersal" or "not
counted". ISSCAAP groups not listed (molluscs, diadromous and freshwater fishes, mammals,
plants, other invertebrates) are not counted by either definition.
Value
A data frame with one row per group: isscaap_code, isscaap_en (the name used in
the FAO data), de_leiva_moreno and grainger_garcia.
References
Caddy, J.F. (1993). Toward a comparative evaluation of human impacts on fishery ecosystems of enclosed and semi-enclosed seas. Reviews in Fisheries Science 1: 57-95. doi:10.1080/10641269309388535
Caddy, J.F., Carocci, F. and Coppola, S. (1998). Have peak fishery production levels been passed in continental shelf area? Some perspectives arising from historical trends in production per shelf area. Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science 23: 191-219. doi:10.2960/J.v23.a13
de Leiva Moreno, J.I., Agostini, V.N., Caddy, J.F. and Carocci, F. (2000). Is the pelagic-demersal ratio from fishery landings a useful proxy for nutrient availability? A preliminary data exploration for the semi-enclosed seas around Europe. ICES Journal of Marine Science 57: 1091-1102. doi:10.1006/jmsc.2000.0705
Grainger, R.J.R. and Garcia, S.M. (1996). Chronicles of marine fishery landings (1950-1994): trend analysis and fisheries potential. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 359. Rome: FAO. https://www.fao.org/4/w3244e/w3244e00.htm
Hondorp, D.W., Breitburg, D.L. and Davias, L.A. (2010). Eutrophication and fisheries: separating the effects of nitrogen loads and hypoxia on the pelagic-to-demersal ratio and other measures of landings composition. Marine and Coastal Fisheries 2: 339-361. doi:10.1577/C09-020.1
Examples
fao_pd_groups()
#> isscaap_code isscaap_en de_leiva_moreno
#> 1 31 Flounders, halibuts, soles demersal
#> 2 32 Cods, hakes, haddocks demersal
#> 3 33 Miscellaneous coastal fishes demersal
#> 4 34 Miscellaneous demersal fishes demersal
#> 5 35 Herrings, sardines, anchovies pelagic
#> 6 36 Tunas, bonitos, billfishes not counted
#> 7 37 Miscellaneous pelagic fishes not counted
#> 8 38 Sharks, rays, chimaeras not counted
#> 9 39 Marine fishes not identified not counted
#> 10 42 Crabs, sea-spiders demersal
#> 11 43 Lobsters, spiny-rock lobsters demersal
#> 12 44 King crabs, squat-lobsters demersal
#> 13 45 Shrimps, prawns demersal
#> 14 46 Krill, planktonic crustaceans not counted
#> 15 47 Miscellaneous marine crustaceans demersal
#> grainger_garcia
#> 1 demersal
#> 2 demersal
#> 3 demersal
#> 4 demersal
#> 5 pelagic
#> 6 pelagic
#> 7 pelagic
#> 8 demersal
#> 9 demersal
#> 10 not counted
#> 11 not counted
#> 12 not counted
#> 13 not counted
#> 14 not counted
#> 15 not counted